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Identifying an Unknown Source Projection for Spatial Data in Map 3D or Civil 3D

Randy McCollum | Applications Expert

Have you ever tried to insert geolocated data or imagery into either AutoCAD Map 3D or Autodesk Civil 3D only to have it end up miles away from your project area?  Chances are that the software just does not know where to place the data relative to yours because either:

• You do not have your coordinate system defined in your drawing
• The files you are using do not have a readable coordinate system definition to use for a projection.

Below are a few steps that you can take in order to eliminate most projection issues.

Make sure that your drawing coordinate system is defined

This may sound obvious, but some templates do not define the coordinate system for the user.  Instead, the user is either supposed to know which projection to use, or in the case of smaller firms, they assume that every job will be in the same state plane system and therefore defining the coordinate system is unnecessary.

Checking the existing coordinate system in Map 3D

Knowing if you have a coordinate system defining in your drawing in Map 3D is simple because it is located right in the status bar.  At the bottom of the screen near the middle, you should see a globe icon with either the shorthand for the coordinate system just to the right of it or the word <none>.  If there is no projection defined, click the down arrow right next to <none> and define it.

Checking the existing coordinate system in Civil 3D

While the drawing is open, click on the Application menu (Civil 3D/Map 3D icon at the top left) and go to drawing utilities>drawing settings.  When the Drawing Settings dialog box appears, define the projection in the Units and Zones tab.

Attempting to connect to spatial data

Now that you have defined your coordinate system to give your spatial data a location on which to project, open the Map Task Pane (command: MAPWSPACE) add a connection to the data by the appropriate data type.  From the Display Manger tab, click on the stack icon called Data and select Connect to Data to open the data connection dialog.

On the left-hand pane of the dialog, select the data source that you are using for a connection.  Give the connection a name that you can recognize and click the icon on the right-hand pane to select the file that you are trying to connect.  Note: you also have the option to connect to every file in a folder by selecting the folder icon.  In my example, I will use an aerial TIF file, which is a raster image. 

Click Connect.  With luck, the coordinate system will be identified as shown below and you can just select Add to Map.

If, however, you do not see a coordinate system and instead see <unknown> in the Coordinate System column, you will need to do some digging.

Sources of Coordinate Systems for unknown/unidentified systems

Having “<unknown>” appear in your coordinate system could be a sign of a few different issues, but most likely it is because the data system that you are trying to use is not embedded in the file or collection of files that you are using.  If the data came from a free data repository (EG. USGS Earth Explorer), then you should be able to find the projection by searching the metadata.  Other times, data sources will include a text file that will also give you the projection definition.  These “unknown” systems can always be overridden in the connection dialog by selecting the line you wish to override, right-click, select Edit Coordinate System and place the correct projection into the Override column.

Margin of Error Applied to Swept Path Analysis - Autodesk Vehicle Tracking

Richard Morrow | Application Expert

In this Blog I wanted to look at Swept Path envelopes using Vehicle Tracking to make it more realistic with a reasonable margin of error, knowing drivers are not going to be perfect. The closer those envelopes are to curbs, signage, or building corners, the smaller the margin of error is for the driver. Creating the buffer or offset will help ensure vehicles can successfully navigate the path. Allowing you to create a better and safer design.

Autodesk Vehicle Tracking

As you can see below, we have a Swept Path of school bus navigating the road. There are some tight areas in the design. What I would like to do is add a buffer so I can make sure to make design updates based off the buffer so there is adequate space for the bus to navigate the turn.

To add the buffer, select Vehicle Tracking tab then the Vehicle Tracking Properties. This will allow you to set an offset for the tracking envelope. On the Properties dialog select Reports and expand Report0001 Clearance Envelope and pick Body Outline, then Edit.

Body Outlines

On the Body Outlines you will want to set the Offset Envelope to “1”. You can set the symbology and distance of the offset that will display within the envelope.

You now have a buffer to aid in a more realistic path design. This will make your design easier to navigate for the drivers and safer design for everyone.

To apply the buffer to all your future envelopes you need to set this at the Report Wizard.

Select the Body Outline like before and apply the same settings as earlier. This buffer offset will be applied to ALL you future Path Analysis.

Migration to Autodesk in 2020

Kevin Breslin | ISD/RCS Services Manager

Here we are in the middle of 2020 and I’m writing a blog post about “Migration to Autodesk”.  Seems kind of odd when you think about it, considering AutoCAD has been around since the 80’s and our flagship infrastructure program Autodesk Civil 3D has been around since 2004. The reality is, despite Autodesk technology being mature in the CAD/engineering world, it’s still *NEW* for what appears to be a growing number of users.

Unless you happen to be with an organization that is working on this move to an Autodesk platform, you might wonder “Who is just now going to Autodesk?”.

The Top Two Answers Are:

• The expected new engineers, designers, etc., fresh out of school and/or just beginning their careers in the industry.
• But the growing part of this segment of our customers are those migrating FROM a Bentley platform to an Autodesk platform.

For over 25 years, we have been in the consulting services business and have been providing education, support, implementation services to customers, and over these years, we have encountered customers that were also making this Bentley/MicroStation to Autodesk/AutoCAD/Civil 3D migration, but in the last year or so, the numbers have gone up . . . . a lot.

While I could spend time opining on the “why” this is happening, I’ll leave it at, there are changes within the industry that are driving people to consider an Autodesk-based alternative for design, drafting, engineering, survey processing, visualization and data management needs.

The ISD Services team over the years have collectively assisted many organizations, large and small, commercial and government with the move to Autodesk from Bentley and have done so as part of our TakeAIM services.  While the TakeAIM platform has given us the ability to meet the needs of customers making the migration, it often required additional steps which we have found necessary to effectively get an organization migrated to a new platform, with a customized optimized environment, standards, workflows, education and support to ensure the challenges associated to making the change is as minimal as possible.

By leveraging our collective years of experiences, we have developed best practices and methodologies to address the unique aspects of migrating platforms and have used these lessons learned to develop a new service.  This new service is simply branded “Migration to Autodesk”.

 Yes, it’s kind of on the nose. . . . but hopefully it’s self-explanatory.

In addition to the typical aspects of implementation (discovery, education, optimization, piloting, support), the challenges of migrating from another platform also adds the potential of needing to address migrating legacy standards (line types, cells, levels,) and in some cases, the actual conversion of legacy design data from Bentley/MicroStation-based files to Autodesk/AutoCAD/Civil 3D equivalent.  There are also aspects that deal with data management (ProjectWise to Vault Professional), automation, and more.

This new service takes all of these aspects into account.

While there may be many similar needs from one organization to another, we know that once you dig into the specifics, each migration requires a unique plan to be defined.

If you are with an organization that is currently considering making the move to Autodesk from Bentley, please review the details of this new service here, and as always, feel free to contact us with questions.

Add Custom Attribute Columns in BIM360 DOCS

Matt Miyamoto|ISD Project Manager

During a recent customer conversation around Autodesk BIM360 implementation, a requirement for the ability to add custom properties to BIM360 DOCS files was brought to our attention.  The default settings within BIM360 DOCS already include primary file-based information like Name, Description, Version, Shared status, Size, and DOCS specific information like Markups, Issues, RFI’s and Sets.  In addition to controlling the visibility of any or all of these default fields, users can create their own custom attributes to add more columns of relevant information to the BIM360 DOCS view.

Custom Attributes are easy to add using the “Add Attribute” option by right-clicking on any folder in BIM360 DOCS or clicking on the ellipsis (…) icon next to the folder name.  Similar to permission assignments, custom attributes that are added to a higher-level folder are automatically added to subfolders under the same project folder structure.

When creating custom attributes, you must first provide a name, then select from one of three available options (available at the time this blog was written).  The Text Field option allows the user to manually enter text in the custom attribute column.  The Date Picker option loads a calendar for users to manually select dates from, and the Drop-down Menu option provides a user-defined list of items to select from a drop-down style menu.  This list can also be edited at any time to include more items as the project progresses.

With Version tracking in BIM360 DOCS, the current attribute value is applied to future versions of each file, however users may manually override version specific values as needed.

Currently, custom attributes are only allowed for individual files (folders do not support custom attributes at this time).  When attributes are changed or edited by a project member, the Last Updated and Updated By fields will indicate the date, time and project member who made the change.  Project members must have edit-level permissions to the folder in order to make changes to custom attributes. View-level members will be able to see the attribute data, but not edit the values.

In the screenshot below, a custom field for Phase with a pre-populated drop-down list for Phs 1 and Phs 2 has been added to the Civil Design location.  Additionally, a user-defined column for Company was added to the main top-level Project Files directory and has been automatically added to the Civil Design sub-folder.

To find the details of what changes were applied, check the box next to the file name, then go to View File Activities from the top menu.

For step by step info on how to add custom attributes, check out this BIM360 DOCS Help file post on the Autodesk Knowledge Network:

https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/bim-360/learn-explore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/ENU/BIM360D-Document-Management/files/To-Work-with-Document-Management/To-Work-with-Folders/GUID-244FAB32-8E3B-4D1B-A1EB-C982DB93ABB3-html.html

Custom attributes do not currently appear in the Civil 3D START tab when accessing your BIM360 DOCS project files from you desktop application, however if you are a project owner looking for a way to include custom attribute data to your files being housed in BIM360 DOCS, now you know how to do it.

Civil 3D: Using IMG files as DEM Surface Data

Bryant Quinney | Sr Applications Expert

In many states, data is available for large areas in the form of IMG files (essentially a DEM file but differing data format). While Autodesk Civil 3D does not natively handle this type of file, the data would need be converted using one of a couple of options you can find for GDAL usage. I use the OSGeo4W environment (available at https://trac.osgeo.org/osgeo4w/), which includes QGIS, GDAL/OGR, GRASS and many other packages. Alternatively, I am told you can use ArcMap to open the files and change the format.

In the setup, since I am most concerned with GDAL, I opted for the Express installation option and left the other packages in place that were already checked. However, if you would like to, check or uncheck any desired choices and proceed with the installation. The disclaimer(s) for this is actually a series of disclaimers, requiring your agreement to the legalese of each package. For other setup instructions and specifics, please refer to https://viewer.nationalmap.gov/tools/rasterconversion/gdal-installation-and-setup-guide.html#TWO.

Disclaimer: Install software at your own risk. Please follow documented instructions and pay attention to the links which you click to access downloads. Modifying the path variables of your computer must be done with caution. For what we are trying to achieve here, modifying the environment variables as stated in the links above, is not necessary.

Now that you have the package(s) installed, we can jump right into converting some data to use directly in Civil 3D.

Command Usage

GDAL is a command-line interface that has far more capabilities than what we will cover here (options found in https://gdal.org/programs/gdal_translate.html). So, in getting going, here are a few notes about the environment.

Command path: “C:\OSGeo4W64\bin\ gdal_translate.exe”

Data source path: “D:\_Class Data Samples\Surface\DEM\Brown County, Texas”

Data destination (output) path: “D:\_Class Data Samples\Surface\DEM\Brown County, Texas\OUTPUT”

Now, the syntax to follow is:

Basically, it is the command, option(s), source dataset, and destination dataset.

Since we are converting file types in this setting, we will use the [-of format] option. Replacing the word ‘format’ with a file type indicator from the following list allows the translator to identify the file type you wish to create.

The file types GDAL will work with are:

Data Conversion

Now, the command I will need to enter (or copy/paste) into the command-line window, to test my first of many files (using GeoTiff format), is:

gdal_translate -of GTiff "D:\_Class Data Samples\Surface\DEM\Brown County, Texas\stratmap19-1m_3198171a1.img" "D:\_Class Data Samples\Surface\DEM\Brown County, Texas\OUTPUT\stratmap19-1m_3198171a1.tif"

Keep in mind that you will need use quotation marks (“) when the path has spaces in it as mine does (this is common in a DOS setting).If you have input the correct command string, you should see something like this:

As well, you should see a corresponding output file in the destination directory.

Just to check, before using in Civil 3D, upon opening in my default program for that type of file (ERDAS), I see that the translation worked as hoped or expected.

Civil 3D Surface Creation

With the initial image created, I now have a format that Civil 3D will recognize, a GeoTIFF.

When I go to ‘Create Surface from DEM…’ and browse to my output file, select GeoTiff as the file type and select Open, I get the surface I have been looking for.

As with many GeoTiffs, you will notice, in the surface, certain data that was not apparent in the image file. Also, as touched on earlier, there are many other operations that can be done in the GDAL translator. Perhaps I want the color depth or interpolation to be different for possibly overlaying the imagery onto plan sets or exhibits. Using GDAL, you can also change scaling, work with metadata, specify the output file size, and even work with projections.

Combining or Tiling Files

If you are like me and have many other IMG files to convert so you can have one unified surface, you will need to figure out how you want to approach this. The documentation at https://gdal.org/programs/gdal_translate.html mentions ‘gdal_merge’ to even combine the output files into one.

A second approach would also be to use the “Add” capability when specifying DEM files to use in the surface definition.

This way you can independently add, and remove, files for usage as needed. Well, there you go! I am off to convert more files, by batch file of course.

Okay, I did not actually go anywhere. My batch file is done and executed. Happy converting!

Civil 3D – Push My Buttons: Using Keyboard Shortcuts

Leo Lavayen | Applications Expert

Keyboard shortcuts provide access to functions within AutoCAD and Civil 3D, below are some examples:

** A special shout out to Boris Tillet from WITHERS for reminding me of these basics **

Ctrl + Select = Nested Selections

Useful when dealing with Civil 3D Alignment and Profile labels as they are grouped.  And isolation allows for right-click menu access to edit content, change styles or erase.

Another use is for this nested selection ability, is to highlighting Contours or Grids.  Unfortunately, there is no extra functionality to show off here.

 Shift + Select = Remove Selection

Typically, selection commands allow users to continuously add to selection sets.  The chance to remove items from a selection is done (by default) by holding the Shift key and selecting the objects again.

We can control this from the Options dialog box > Selection tab > Selection modes

The behavior is controlled by the PICKADD system variable, the default value is 2.

Value	Description
0	Turns off PICKADD. The objects most recently selected become the selection set. Previously selected objects are automatically removed from the selection set.
1	Turns on PICKADD. Each object selected, either individually or by windowing, is added to the current selection set.
2	Turns on PICKADD. Each object selected, either individually or by windowing, is added to the current selection set. If the SELECT command is used, keeps objects selected after the command ends.

At times users have accidentally changed the variable from the Properties tool palette.

Shift + Hold to Flip Between Trim/Extend

The AutoCAD Trim and Extend commands are sister commands, in that while one of the commands is active the same selections will complement each other when holding the SHIFT key.  In the example below the vertical blue line is selected as the boundary or cutting edge.

Shift + Hold = Ortho Lock

The option to have the ORTHOMODE enabled (keyboard shortcut F8) is great but working in a locked 0° or 90° mode can be restrictive.

Optionally, with ORTHOMODE off, we can hold the SHIFT key and restrict the mouse movements.

Shift + Right Click [or] Ctrl + Right Click = Osnap Shortcut

The running Object Snaps can be helpful on a daily basis (keyboard shortcut F3)

Sometimes we need just one extra OSNAP, just ONE – a single-use – this is where Object Snaps Overrides come to save the day.  Just hold either the SHIFT or CTRL and right-click to access the applicable menu of options to choose from.

Remote Collaboration Options for Civil 3D Users

Kevin Breslin | Manager ISD/RCS Services

For many organizations the recent pandemic has created a range of disruptions with operations as more people are for various reasons staying home.  For a growing number of our Civil 3D customers this has compromised their ability to keep projects on track and to keep people working. 

Under these circumstances, it seems like a good time to review options that may allow users to continue to work, collaborate with others and to keep projects moving forward.

Software & Hardware

The first step to consider is the software itself.  Depending on the version and license type of Autodesk software you’re using, in many cases there is an allowance to use licenses for “Home Use” or to be borrowed from a license server.  (See links below)

In cases where your office workstation is a laptop/notebook, you may have the ability to bring your workstation home with you (with management’s consent of course).  For users who cannot bring their work computer home, there are options available where you can install Autodesk software on your personal computer, and using one of the licensing options noted below, work remotely (assuming said home system meets system requirements).

COVID-19 Autodesk Resource Center

Request a license to use software at home

Autodesk Licensing Options

Other key necessities would be an internet connection sufficient to transfer large files in a reasonable time. 

[FWIW, I have a ~300MB down and 30MB up connection at home and I have absolutely no issues with even very large files.] 

Keeping in mind, your personal internet connection at home is only part of the story when considering file transfer speeds.

Collaboration (file sharing) Options

In the case of working with Civil 3D, this is where things get a bit more complicated.  Most organizations utilize Civil 3D’s ability to share Data References (e.g. Alignments, Surfaces, etc.) as well as Xref and image files, etc.  Accessing these files remotely is possible if your organization can grant remote system access (i.e. Remote Desktop) to your office workstation, or access to your network files share (e.g. VPN access).  In many cases however, this is not an option.

Vault Professional

If your organization utilizes Autodesk Vault Professional your remote (home) workstation may be configured to allow you to access shared files (including references and data references).  If your organization does use Vault Professional, contact your system administrator to find out how you could work remotely.

More information on Vault Professional and Civil 3D

BIM 360 Design for Civil 3D

The latest option for remote collaboration would be the 2020.2 (and newer) versions of Autodesk Civil 3D along with the latest version of BIM 360 Design.  With BIM 360 Design users have the ability to create and work on projects in the BIM 360 environment.  Through this cloud-based system, access to and the ability to share files including drawing files, data reference, Xrefs, images, etc. is possible.

While still somewhat new to Civil 3D, the technology is solid and offers the easiest means to collaborate and share project files remotely with users pretty much anywhere internet access is available.

Important Note: BIM 360 Design technology does necessitate BIM 360 Design licenses and the 2020.2 (or newer) version of Autodesk Civil 3D to function.

BIM 360 Design Information

For organizations implementing BIM 360 Design for Civil 3D, late last year, IMAGINiT developed a quick implementation/training service called the BIM 360 For Civil 3D Jumpstart service which is designed to quickly get organizations up to speed and running with BIM 360 Design for Civil 3D.

Other Options

In addition to the options noted here, IMAGINiT is well versed in the tools and technology related to remote education, consulting services, etc. and have been using these technologies for years.  If you or your organization is considering using this time to get caught up on some needed training, or the development of an optimized and customized Civil 3D environment, let us know.

With the technology advancements over the last several years, working together doesn’t require travel, or even having to be in the same room. 

If you have any questions on anything noted here, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Masking Labels in Autodesk Civil 3D

James Branagan | Applications Expert

When placing text on drawings, many times, the only place to place the label will be over lines in the drawing. This obscure the text and make it difficult to read. To remedy this, you can place a mask around the text which will wipe out or hide the objects under that mask.  When working in Autodesk’s Civil 3D and AutoCAD there are a few different ways that you can add a mask around the label.

Single line text:

Single line text can be masked using the Wipeout command on the Markup panel of the Annotate tab.

To create the Wipeout, select the tool and create a polygon to represent the area to be hidden. A Wipeout is its own separate drawing object so it may need to have its display order adjusted so that the text displays but the underlying lines do not.

With both Multi Line text and Civil 3D labels, the masking is attached to the text.

Multi line text:

Create Multi Line text and select it to open the text’s contextual ribbon. On the Style tab select the Mask button.

The Background Mask dialog box will allow you to choose whether to use a background mask or not as well as what color it will be (or the same color as the drawing background color). It will also allow you to control the size of the mask to some degree.

The size of the mask is ultimately controlled by the text editing box (the big grey box that’s placed around the text when you select it for editing). The Border offset factor further increases the mask by the amount you specify. In conjunction, these two items control the overall size of the background mask

Since the mask for MText is tied to the text itself, any changes you make will be automatically reflected in the mask

Civil 3D Labels:

The last way in Civil 3D to add a mask to a label is through the Label Styles dialog box.

On the Layout tab of the Label style underneath the Border section, there is a setting for Background Mask. Setting it to True will turn it on and setting it to False will turn it off. Again, you have the ability to control the size of the mask by adjusting the Gap size.

AutoCAD Map 3D Map Book for Plan Production in Civil 3D

Matt Miyamoto | ISD Project Manager

In several recent conversations it has been asked if it is possible in Civil 3D to automate sheet creation for detailed grading across a project. The question usually gets asked soon after talking about the Plan Production tools for creating plan and profile sheets for a linear project such as a road or pipeline. The answer is a resounding, Yes! The solution is found as a feature in Map 3D which is also included in Civil 3D and it is called Map Book. The Map Book tool lays out the sheets by created tiles in a grid pattern across the plan view of the project area in Model Space.

As with most tools in Civil 3D, there is some setup required for successful results. First, a template that contains a well-defined Layout for the desired sheets must be created and include viewports that are defined as placeholders for the required content.

Since Map Book is a feature of Map 3D, it is important to start by opening the Map Task Pane. This can be done by navigating to the ribbon Home tab, Palettes panel drop down, select the button for Map Task Pane, and then selecting ON (on the command line).

The Map Task Pane will open and the Map Book feature is found on a tab on the side of the task pane.

Setup the Map Book Template

Prior to starting the process of assigning Layout Placeholders to viewports, a title block with viewports that represent the main viewport, key map viewport and optionally legend viewport, adjacent arrow blocks, and title block placeholders should be defined in a Layout.

To assign layout placeholders:

On the Map Task Pane and Map Book tab, select Tools and Identify Template Placeholders.

The Identify Map Book Template Placeholders dialog will open. This dialog provides the ability to assign viewports as placeholders for the desired content they will contain. Select the placeholder you want to set in the left column then click on the Select Placeholder(s)>> button below it to assign it to the desired viewport. The Main Viewport placeholder is required; however, the others are optional.

Create the Map Book

Now that we have a template created containing a Layout with viewports that are defined as placeholders for the content, the Map Book can be created. To launch the Map Book tool, click the New button located on the Map Task Pane while the Map Book tab is selected. Then select Map Book on the fly-out menu.

The Create Map Book dialog will open and will provide a list of nodes on the left side to specify necessary information that will be displayed on the right side when a node is selected.

The Source node creates a map book from objects in Model Space or Map Display which includes only the objects defined on the Display Manager tab. A name will need to be defined for the new Map Book.

Sheet Template node sets the template file, layout, optional blocks and the expected plot scale. In the template entry, click on the button on the far right to browse to your .dwt (drawing template) as the source. The Layout entry will populate with the layouts that are available in your template, click on the drop-down to pick the layout you want. If there is a title block defined as a block in your template, you can choose it from the drop-down list to include a title block. If you need an adjacent arrow block and have the areas defined and blocks defined in your template, select the blocks in the drop-down list. Set the scale factor for the layout’s viewport.

The Tiling Scheme node configures the method for creating the gridded tiles across the project area. There are three options.

• By Area calculates the number of tiles base on the map scale and the size of the main viewport. You will place a window around the area you want to include.
• By Number calculates the number of tiles based on the map scale, the size of the main viewport, and the number of rows and columns specified. You select the upper left corner by picking a point then set the number of rows and columns to create.
• Custom creates tiles from existing closed polylines that are selected.

Each of the three options include a % overlap setting that provides overlapping of the tiles.

Click on the Preview Tiles button at the bottom left of the dialog at any time to preview the tiles and make any necessary adjustments.

Naming Scheme node provide options for naming methods of the tiles.

Columns and rows controls naming of tiles with column and row indicators such as “A1”.

Grid Sequential names the tiles sequentially with a numerical value in increments that you define.

Sequential is specifically for Custom tiling schemes and names only the tiles you selected in the custom tiling scheme.

Data Driven allows you to choose an expression based on data in the map.

The Key node is optional and defines the content displayed in the keyview viewport for a key map. You can use a Linked Drawing that has a defined Key Map source, an External Reference, or layers in the current drawing. To use Layers, select the layers you want from the list at the bottom of the dialog and click Add Layers for Map Key button.

The Legend node is optional and specifies the source for a legend. It is possible to use a legend created in the Display Manager. If you do not have a legend viewport, select none.

The Sheet Set node creates a new AutoCAD sheet set or subset of an existing sheet set.

Click on the Generate button to complete the process. Layouts will get created, a new sheet set will be created or an existing sheet set will get updated, the Map Book tab on the Map Task Pane will have pages and tiles that can use to navigate to the tiles by right-clicking on one and selecting Zoom Tile.

You should now be able to automate a construction grading set of plans based on a grid system across your project. Map Book is a great tool for creating sheets so give it a try. If you do not get the desired results, click on Tools on the Map Book tab of the Map Task Pane to edit the settings and rebuild the tiles.